Turbulent Humidity Fluctuations in the Convective Boundary Layer: Case Studies Using Water Vapour Differential Absorption Lidar Measurements     

Shravan Kumar Muppa  Andreas Behrendt  Florian Späth  Volker Wulfmeyer  Simon Metzendorf  Andrea Riede 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2016,158(1):43-66

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A global assessment of the impact of climate change on water scarcity     

Simon N. Gosling  Nigel W. Arnell 《Climatic change》2016,134(3):371-385

This paper presents a global scale assessment of the impact of climate change on water scarcity. Patterns of climate change from 21 Global Climate Models (GCMs) under four SRES scenarios are applied to a global hydrological model to estimate water resources across 1339 watersheds. The Water Crowding Index (WCI) and the Water Stress Index (WSI) are used to calculate exposure to increases and decreases in global water scarcity due to climate change. 1.6 (WCI) and 2.4 (WSI) billion people are estimated to be currently living within watersheds exposed to water scarcity. Using the WCI, by 2050 under the A1B scenario, 0.5 to 3.1 billion people are exposed to an increase in water scarcity due to climate change (range across 21 GCMs). This represents a higher upper-estimate than previous assessments because scenarios are constructed from a wider range of GCMs. A substantial proportion of the uncertainty in the global-scale effect of climate change on water scarcity is due to uncertainty in the estimates for South Asia and East Asia. Sensitivity to the WCI and WSI thresholds that define water scarcity can be comparable to the sensitivity to climate change pattern. More of the world will see an increase in exposure to water scarcity than a decrease due to climate change but this is not consistent across all climate change patterns. Additionally, investigation of the effects of a set of prescribed global mean temperature change scenarios show rapid increases in water scarcity due to climate change across many regions of the globe, up to 2 °C, followed by stabilisation to 4 °C.  相似文献   

Modelling the influences of climate change-associated sea-level rise and socioeconomic development on future storm surge mortality     

Simon J. Lloyd  R. Sari Kovats  Zaid Chalabi  Sally Brown  Robert J. Nicholls 《Climatic change》2016,134(3):441-455

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Simulated modes of inter-decadal predictability in sea surface temperature     

Carsten S. Frederiksen  Xiaogu Zheng  Simon Grainger 《Climate Dynamics》2016,46(7-8):2231-2245

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A new degree-2190 (10 km resolution) gravity field model for Antarctica developed from GRACE,GOCE and Bedmap2 data     

Christian Hirt  Moritz Rexer  Mirko Scheinert  Roland Pail  Sten Claessens  Simon Holmes 《Journal of Geodesy》2016,90(2):105-127

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Community‐Derived Standards for LA‐ICP‐MS U‐(Th‐)Pb Geochronology – Uncertainty Propagation,Age Interpretation and Data Reporting          下载免费PDF全文

Matthew S. A. Horstwood  George Gehrels  Simon E. Jackson  Noah M. McLean  Chad Paton  Norman J. Pearson  Keith Sircombe  Paul Sylvester  Pieter Vermeesch  James F. Bowring  Daniel J. Condon  Blair Schoene 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2016,40(3):311-332

The LA‐ICP‐MS U‐(Th‐)Pb geochronology international community has defined new standards for the determination of U‐(Th‐)Pb ages. A new workflow defines the appropriate propagation of uncertainties for these data, identifying random and systematic components. Only data with uncertainties relating to random error should be used in weighted mean calculations of population ages; uncertainty components for systematic errors are propagated after this stage, preventing their erroneous reduction. Following this improved uncertainty propagation protocol, data can be compared at different uncertainty levels to better resolve age differences. New reference values for commonly used zircon, monazite and titanite reference materials are defined (based on ID‐TIMS) after removing corrections for common lead and the effects of excess ²³⁰Th. These values more accurately reflect the material sampled during the determination of calibration factors by LA‐ICP‐MS analysis. Recommendations are made to graphically represent data only with uncertainty ellipses at 2s and to submit or cite validation data with sample data when submitting data for publication. New data‐reporting standards are defined to help improve the peer‐review process. With these improvements, LA‐ICP‐MS U‐(Th‐)Pb data can be considered more robust, accurate, better documented and quantified, directly contributing to their improved scientific interpretation.  相似文献   

Climate and human land-use as a driver of Lake Narlay (Eastern France,Jura Mountains) evolution over the last 1200 years: implication for methane cycle     

Simon Belle  Valérie Verneaux  Laurent Millet  David Etienne  Andrea Lami  Simona Musazzi  Jean-Louis Reyss  Michel Magny 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2016,55(1):83-96

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Back to the future: reflections and directions of South African marine bioinvasion research     

ME Alexander  CA Simon  CL Griffiths  K Peters  S Sibanda  S Miza 《African Journal of Marine Science》2016,38(1):141-144

Biological invasions continue to increase around the world, with impacts on many coastal marine systems. Here we review the South African marine invasion literature which, despite the field being relatively new, has grown to have significant presence in both the local and international arenas. Of the 79 papers reviewed, 70% focused on the establishment and spread of alien species, with modes of transport and introduction largely overlooked. An emphasis was also apparent towards field studies, in particular survey work, with few experimental studies. The overwhelming majority of papers focused on a single species, the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, reflecting the scale of this invasion and the tractable nature of rocky shores as study systems. With the exception of this one species, the impacts of marine alien species have rarely been quantified. We suggest that future research extends the taxonomic coverage of present work and develops a better understanding of the mechanisms of introduction, establishment and spread of marine alien species. Through an experimental approach, the drivers of altered ecological patterns and processes resulting from invasions should be addressed, providing insight into associated impacts. This approach will maintain the local applicability and international relevance of South African marine invasion research.  相似文献   

Government-Funded Deep Geophysical Surveys to Encourage Mineral Exploration: Results from the Western Australian “Exploration Incentives Scheme”     

Michael Dentith  Klaus Gessner  Simon Johnson  Ruth Murdie  Perla Pina-Varas  Jessica Spratt  Ian Tyler  Huaiyu Yuan 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(Z1):16-17

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Mantle-earthquake geothermometry of rejuvenated Proterozoic lithosphere, western Saudi Arabia     

Alexander R. Blanchette  Simon L. Klemperer  Walter D. Mooney  Hani M. Zahran 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(Z1):102-103

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